A person with type 2 diabetes does not produce enough insulin, or is insulin resistant. This results in high blood sugar levels which must be managed with lifestyle changes, or medical treatments to control blood sugar. Here are some important general dietary considerations for people who have type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes Requires a Healthy Balanced Diet
Diet alone may be enough for someone with type 2 diabetes to keep his or her blood sugar low, at least for a while. A healthy balance of lean protein, fibre, fruits and vegetables and unsaturated fats should be eaten, in addition to sugar from unrefined, natural sources. Complex carbohydrates release energy slowly, and help prevent blood sugar ups and downs and the body's immediate need for insulin.
Good carbohydrate choices include whole grain foods such as buckwheat, millet and brown rice, as well as wholemeal bread, pasta and potatoes. Lentils, beans, chickpeas, nuts, seeds, and a variety of fruits and vegetables are also good. It is important to note that some fruits, such as grapes, are high in fructose sugar, and it may be wise to eat them in small amounts spread out throughout the day rather than in large amounts at once.
It is not necessary for people who have type 2 diabetes to avoid sugar completely, but it will help to cut down on refined, sugary foods. Nor is it necessary to eat "special" diabetic foods. When having a sweet treat, consider having it with a meal rather than on its own. Alcohol should be drunk in moderation, and never on an empty stomach.
Avoiding Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Glucose)
People who take insulin or other medications to control their blood sugar are more susceptible to hypoglycaemia (also known as a "hypo"), which is when blood sugar levels drop too low. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia are light-headedness, sweating, hunger, and feeling shaky and weak, but can usually be remedied by taking something sugary such as a sweet drink to restore blood sugar (not a diet drink).
It is important for people with type 2 diabetes to eat at regular times whenever possible, as this helps stabilise blood sugar and prevent hypoglycaemia. It is especially important for people taking insulin or other blood sugar-lowering drugs not to skip meals. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, as blood sugar is usually low upon awakening. Healthy cereals such as porridge or whole wheat biscuits are good breakfast choices, rather than cereals laden with sugar.
Controlling blood sugar levels with a healthy diet may reduce the need for blood glucose-lowering medications in the future. However, it is important to note that everyone is different, and a diabetes dietitian can provide more specific dietary advice tailored to individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Sources:
Various. "Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders." In Food and Juice for Health. London: Hamlyn, 2002. 36-37.
NHS Choices. "Diabetes, Type 2" (Accessed July 6th 2010).
Sharon Kirby - Sharon is a freelance health writer and contributes to various print and online publications. Writing credits include Nursing Times, Good ...
